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Liang Shuming (1895-1988) is one of the most important philosopher in twentieth-century China. Generally considered to be a Confucian, and even the last Confucian, the author argues that he was in fact a Buddhist. Liang's thoughts are analysed within the bacground of the intellectual debates on religion in republican China. He reshaped the Western concept of religion from the standpoint of Yocacara Buddhism. Yet, he advocated for the present time Confucianism as the ethical religion that would lead ultimately to the Buddhist liberation. Examining Liang's religious belief sheds new light on his fascinating life, particularly his involvement in the Rural Reconstruction movement of the nineteen thirties. It also explains why Liang was the only intellectual who dared to publically oppose Mao in the nineteen sixties and seventies.
Thierry Meyard, Ph. D. (2003) in Philosophy, University of Peking, is associate professor of Philosophy at Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. He has written extensively on Chinese philosophy, comparative philosophy, and the cross-cultural history of China and the West;
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